SFSA reports and other publications

SFSA Carbon & Low Alloy Research Reports

• SFSA Research Report 1. Time-Temperature Transformation Curves (S-Curves) for Use in the Heat Treatment of Cast Steels. Final Report Project No. 6, Part I. August 1944 (1.02 MB)
• SFSA Research Report 2. The Determination of the Relation Of Impact Strength to the Hardness, Ductility and Strength of Cast Steels at Normal and Low Temperatures. October, 1944 (757 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 3. Determination of the Mechanical Properties of the Low Alloy (NE) Steels as Produced for Castings. December, 1944 (1.27 MB)
• SFSA Research Report 4. Low Ductility and Porosity of Cast Steels Due to Hydrogen and Nitrogen Part I-Review of Literature. February, 1945 (416 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 5. Low Temperature Impact Strength Of Certain Alloy Cast Steels. March, 1945 (694 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 6. The Determination of the Critical Dimensions for Necked-Down Risers. April, 1945 (660 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 7. Comparison of Properties of Core Oils and Binders, and Development of Acceptance Tests. May, 1945 (1.72 MB)
• SFSA Research Report 8. An Investigation of the Value of Low Temperature Ceramic Glazes As Mold Washes. July, 1945 (433 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 9. The Effect of Deoxidation Methods On the Low Temperature Impact Properties of Cast Steel. April, 1946 (612 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 10. Austenite Grain Size Of Cast Steels. November, 1946 (1.56 MB)
• SFSA Research Report 11. Necked-Down Risers for Production Steel Castings. March, 1947 (829 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 12. The Effect of Homogenization On Cast Steels. May, 1947 (782 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 13. Determination of the Factors Influencing Riser Efficiency. Part I. Steel Castings Fed by One Riser. July, 1947 (1.02 MB)
• SFSA Research Report 14. Effect of Hydrogen and Nitrogen On the Ductility and Porosity Of Cast Steels. Part II--Hydrogen and Nitrogen Contents of Steel During Commercial Melting; And the Effect of Hydrogen on the Ductility of Cast Steels September, 1947 (1.49 MB)
• SFSA Research Report 15. The Influence of Microstructure on the Mechanical Properties of Cast Steels. December, 1947 (1.39 MB)
• SFSA Research Report 16. Weldability of Carbon-Manganese Steels. February, 1948 (410 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 17. Reproducibility of Results of Tensile Tests on Specimens Prepared from Cast Steel Coupons. May, 1948 (210 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 18. An Investigation of the Surface Finish of Steel Castings. August, 1948 (456 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 19. Dendritic and As-Cast Structures. October, 1948 (692 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 20. Pressure Feeding. December, 1948 (482 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 21. Flow of Molten Steel in Sand Molds. August, 1949 (1.56 MB)
• SFSA Research Report 22. Control of Solidification by the Use of Various Molding Materials. January, 1950 (947 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 23. Sand Reclamation. April, 1950 (1.79 MB)
• SFSA Research Report 24. An Evaluation of Riser Compounds. August, 1950 (669 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 25. Part II - The Flow of Molten Steel in Sand Molds. January, 1951 (1.4 MB)
• SFSA Research Report 26. Metal Removal in the Cleaning of Steel Castings. September, 1951 (1.04 MB)
• SFSA Research Report 27. The Machinability of Cast Steels. August, 1952 (1.45 MB)
• SFSA Research Report 28. Boron Treated Cast Steels. February, 1953 (1.73 MB)
• SFSA Research Report 29. Deoxidation and Desulphurization of Cast Steels with Rare-earth Metals. May, 1953 (599 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 30. Determination of the Factors Influencing Riser-efficiency - Part II, The Distance Risers Will Feed Uniformly Thick Sections. September, 1953 (858 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 31. The Performance of Whirl-Gate with Liquid Steel. December, 1953 (307 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 32. The Effect of Rare-earth Metals on Cast Steels. April, 1954 (1.37 MB)
• SFSA Research Report 33. Evaluation of Various Molding Refractories for Casting Steel. December, 1954 (506 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 34. The Shell Molding Process for Plain Carbon and Low Alloy Steel Castings. August, 1955 (849 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 35. Fatigue Properties of Comparable Cast and Wrought Steels. October, 1955 (967 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 36. Blast Cleaning of Steel Castings. February, 1956 (1.47 MB)
• SFSA Research Report 37. The Machinability of Steel Casting Surfaces. August, 1956 (840 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 38. Elements of Design for Prevention of Hot Tearing in Steel Castings. February, 1957 (1.12 MB)
• SFSA Research Report 39. A Study of Deoxidation and Desulphurization of Cast Steels. July, 1957 (1.14 MB)
• SFSA Research Report 40. The Significance of Liquid Limit in Evaluating Steel Foundry Bentonites. December, 1957 (722 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 41. The Effect of Heat Treatment Variables on the Toughness of Cast Steels. June, 1958 (3.33 MB)
• SFSA Research Report 42. Sodium Silicate-Carbon Dioxide Inorganic Bonds for Molds and Cores. September, 1958 (691 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 43. The Effect of Deoxidation Variables on the Toughness of Cast Steels. May, 1959 (862 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 44. Studies of the Design of Steel Castings and Steel Weldments as Related to Methods of Their Manufacture. July, 1959 (1.14 MB)
• SFSA Research Report 45. Packing of Steel Foundry Sands. November, 1960 (370 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 46. Elements of Design for Prevention of Hot Tearing in Steel Castings Part III - Joining of Stress Active Sections. December, 1960 (321 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 47. The Development of Effective Bentonite Clay Bonds for Steel Foundry Sands. January, 1961 (365 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 48. An Investigation of Factors Producing the Ceroxide Defect on Steel Castings - Part I - Composition and Sources. February, 1961 (621 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 49. Tolerances for Steel Castings. April, 1961 (2.7 MB)
• SFSA Research Report 50. The Distance Risers Feed Uniformly Thick 4 to 12 Inch Cast Steel Sections. August, 1961 (611 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 51. The use of Exothermic Pads to Increase the Riser Feeding Distance in Steel Castings - Part I - Padding Horizontally and Vertically Cast Plate Sections. February, 1962 (497 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 52. An Investigation of Factors Producing the Ceroxide Defect on Steel Castings - Part II - Controlling the Occurrence of Ceroxide by Gating and Trapping. July, 1962 (591 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 53. Inorganic Bonds for Steel Casting Molds - An Investigation of Colloidal Silica. August, 1962 (318 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 54. An Investigation of Factors Producing the Ceroxide Defect on Steel Castings - Part III - Commercial Casting Plant Trials. July, 1963 (998 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 55. Development of a Sodium Silicate Binder for Steel Foundry Sand Molds. November, 1963 (394 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 56. Properties of Thick Section Steel Castings. October, 1964 (2.36 MB)
• SFSA Research Report 57. Vacuum Degassing for Steel Castings. May, 1965 (449 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 58. The Lateral Feeding of Risers for Steel Castings. August, 1965 (345 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 59. Desulphurization Prior to the Boil. October, 1965 (341 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 60. Further Investigations on Sodium Silicate-CO2 Binder for Molds. December, 1965 (544 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 61. Silicon Metal Fines Used for Setting Sodium Silicate Bonded Steel Foundry Molds. January, 1966 (310 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 62. Efficiency of Blast Cleaning. April, 1966 (276 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 63. The Effect of Gating Design on the Surface Quality of Steel Castings. October, 1966 (482 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 64. Atmospheric Corrosion of Carbon and Low Alloy Cast Steels. March, 1967 (427 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 65. Refractory Facing Materials for Steel Foundry Molds. June, 1967 (631 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 66. Determination of Metal Taper to Produce Radiographic Soundness in Uniform Cast Steel Sections. July, 1967 (151 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 67. The Use of Exothermic Pads to Increase the Riser Feeding Distance in Steel Castings. Aug 1967 (508 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 68. Reverse Slag Process. November, 1967 (321 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 69. The Effect of Chemical Additives at the Mold-Metal Interface. January, 1968 (415 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 70. High Purity Alumina Ladle Linings. March, 1968 (349 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 71. The Effect of Sulfur and Phosphorus on the Dynamic Properties of Cast Steel. October, 1968 (790 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 72. Fluid Sand Process for Steel Castings. December, 1968 (669 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 73. The Search for Cause and Effect Relations. December, 1970 (349 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 74. The Effect of Cold Setting Binders on Casting Surfaces. May, 1971 (509 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 75. The Nil Ductility Transition Temperature of Cast Steels. August, 1971 (974 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 76. Survey of New Methods of Cleaning Steel Castings - CaC12 Conditioning. December, 1971 (878 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 77. The Flow of Liquid Steel in Molds. April, 1972 (475 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 78. Unusual Ways to Reduce the Cost of Surface Defects. May, 1973 (705 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 79. Refractory Facings for Molds. June, 1973 (368 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 80. The Toughness of Cast Steels NDTT, Charpy V-notch and Dynamic Tear Tests. May, 1974 (1.31 MB)
• SFSA Research Report 81. Plane Strain Fracture Toughness of Cast Steels. February, 1975 (1.04 MB)
• SFSA Research Report 82. Brittle, Rock Candy Type Fracture - Cause and Cures. September, 1975 (405 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 83. Evaluation of Riser Feeding Aids. July, 1977 (397 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 84. Dimensional Tolerances. August, 1977 (674 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 85. Fatigue Behavior of Cast Steel - Effects of Shot Peening, Carburization and Decarburization. January, 1978 (615 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 86. Machine Assisted Finishing of Steel Castings. April, 1978 (703 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 87. Surface Contamination of Steel Castings from Furan and Phenolic No-Bake Binders. May, 1979 (640 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 88. Cement Binders for Steel Castings Production. May, 1980 (638 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 89. Whirlgates for Large Steel Castings. September, 1980 (276 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 90. Shortened Cycle Heat Treatment of Cast Steel. February, 1981 (367 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 91. Contamination of Steel Castings from Riser Sleeve and Topping Materials with Reference to Under-riser Cracking. December, 1981 (141 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 92. The Inmold Deoxidation of Steel Castings. March, 1982 (446 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 93. Toughness of Heavy Sectioned Cast Steel for Arctic Service. April, 1982 (1.72 MB)
• SFSA Research Report 94A. Fatigue and Fracture Toughness of Five Carbon and Low Alloy Cast Steels at Room or Low Climatic Temperatures. October, 1982 (1.99 MB)
• SFSA Research Report 94B. Fatigue and Fracture Toughness of Five Carbon or Low Alloy Cast Steels at Room or Low Climatic Temperatures. May, 1983 (463 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 95. Evaluating the Effects of Quenching Variables on Hardening of Steel. January, 1984 (1.22 MB)
• SFSA Research Report 95A. Evaluation of the Effects of Quenching Variables on Hardening Steel. May, 1985 (671 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 96. Weldability of Cast Carbon and Low Alloy Steels - Effect of Microstructure and Hydrogen Induced HAZ Cracking Susceptibility. January, 1985 (583 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 97. Ladle Desulfurization of Acid Melted Cast Steel. February, 1985 (597 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 98. Filtration of Liquid Steel. May, 1986 (402 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 99. Detecting Aluminum Nitride Grain Boundary Embrittlement in Cast Steel. November, 86 (379 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 100. Development of Casting Technology to Allow Direct Use of Steel Castings in High Speed Machining Lines. May, 1987 (655 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 101. Intercritical Heat Treatment of C-Mn and 8630 Type Cast Steels. July, 1987 (875 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 102A. The Behavior of Iron Oxide as an Additive to No-bake Sands for the Reduction of Casting Defects. July, 1990 (310 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 103. Effects of Melt Practice, Core Binder, and Core Density on Hot Tearing of Cast Steel. January 1991 (309 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 104. Ladle Treating, Pouring and Gating for the Production of Clean Steel Castings. January 1991 (711 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 105. Role of As-Cast Microstructure in the Development of Properties in Heat Treated Cast Steels. June, 1991 (630 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 106. Clean Cast Steel Technology. January 1994 (1.39 MB)
• SFSA Research Report 107. Properties and Processing of High Strength Low Alloy. HSLA (2.19 MB)
• SFSA Research Report 108. Clean Cast Steel Technology. September 1995 (726 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 109. Initial Study of the Dimensional Variability of Production Steel Castings. September 1995 (1.06 MB)
• SFSA Research Report 110. Development of a Methodology to Predict and Prevent Leaks Caused by Microporosity in Steel Castings. November 2001 (1.54 MB)
• SFSA Research Report 111. Development of New Feeding Distance Rules Using Casting Simulation. 2004 (10.76 MB)
• SFSA Research Report 112. Metal Penetration in Sand Molds for Steel Casting. July, 2002 (8.49 MB)
• SFSA Research Report 113. Fillability of Thin-Wall Steel Castings. July, 2004 (1,004 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 114. Pouring Stream Shrouding Trials. January 2006 (9.37 MB)
• SFSA Research Report 115. Ergonomic Improvements for Foundries. March 2007 (635 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 116. Re-Engineering Casting Production Systems. March 2007 (1.9 MB)
• SFSA Research Report 117. Simulation of Dimensional Changes and Hot Tears During Solidification of Steel Castings. August 2017 (3.5 MB)
• SFSA Research Report 118. Simulation of Distortion and Residual Stress Development During Heat Treatment of Steel Castings. August 2017 (4.2 MB)

SFSA High Alloy Research Reports

• SFSA Research Report A-75. Hot-Cracking of CN-7M. March 1984 (657 KB)
• SFSA Research Report A-78-79. Effects of Nitrogen Additions on CF-3 and CF-8 Stainless Steels. May 1985 (716 KB)
• SFSA Research Report A-82. Sensitization Behavior of Cast Stainless Steels Subject to Weld Repair. August 1984 (2.97 MB)
• SFSA Research Report A-85. The Role of Nitrogen in the Corrosion Behavior of Cast Austenitic and Duplex Stainless Steels. January 1988 (675 KB)
• SFSA Research Report A-91. D.C. Plasma-Arc Refining. January 1992 (190 KB)
• SFSA Research Report A-92. Development of Database Design Rules For Cast, High Alloy Steel Components - Final Report. March 2001 (3.48 MB)
• SFSA Research Report A-93. Improved Process Procedures for Upgrading and Repair of High Alloy Stainless Steel Castings - Duplex Stainless Steels. March 2001 (3.18 MB)
• SFSA Research Report A-94. Ferrite Measurement in Austenitic and Duplex Stainless Steel Castings. March 2001 (1.28 MB)
• SFSA Research Report A-95. Systematic Microstructural & Corrosion Performance Evaluation of CK3MCuN & CK3MN High Molybdenum Stainless Steel Castings. March 2002 (14.74 MB)
• SFSA Research Report A-96. Feeding and Risering of High-Alloy Steel and Nickel-Based Alloy Castings. July 2006 (629 KB)
• SFSA Research Report A-97. Heat Treatment Procedure Qualification. March 2007 (3.54 MB)
• SFSA Research Report A-98. Improved Heat Treatment for CN7M and Other Nickel-Based Alloys. September 2017 (13.75 MB)
• SFSA Research Report A-99. Optimization of Heat Treatments on Stainless Steel Castings for Improved Corrosion Resistance and Mechanical Properties. October 2016 (4.89 MB)
• SFSA Research Report A-101. Phase Transformations in Cast Highly Alloyed Stainless Steels. August 2017 (6.8 MB)

SFSA Special Reports

• SFSA Special Report 1. Hot-Tear Defects in Steel Castings. March 1970 (648 KB)
• SFSA Special Report 2. Scab, Buckle and Rat-tail Defects on Steel Castings. April 1970 (1.86 MB)
• SFSA Special Report 3. Ceroxide Defects in Steel Castings. April 1970 (394 KB)
• SFSA Special Report 4. Adhering-sand Defects on Steel Castings. May 1970 (769 KB)
• SFSA Special Report 5. Eroded-sand Defects on Steel Castings. Sept. 1970 (377 KB)
• SFSA Special Report 6. Pinhole Defects in Steel Castings. Sept. 1970 (529 KB)
• SFSA Special Report 7. A Computer Program for Calculating Feeding Distance in Cast Steel Plates Programmer's Reference Manual, F-plate. Oct. 1970 (381 KB)
• SFSA Special Report 8. A Literature Survey of Specialty Sands: Chromite, Zircon, Olivine and Aluminum Silicate. May 1972 (626 KB)
• SFSA Special Report 9. Management and Process Controls. July 1973 (1.1 MB)
• SFSA Special Report 10. A Review of Intermediate and High Strength Steels - Their Properties and Applications. Sept. 1974 (1.38 MB)
• SFSA Special Report 11. A Review of Welding Cast Steels and Its Effect on Fatigue and Toughness Properties. Dec. 1974 (1.37 MB)
• SFSA Special Report 12. The Morphology of Brittle Intergranular Fracture of Steel Castings and the Effects of Processing Variables on Its Occurrence. Sept. 1975 (2.48 MB)
• SFSA Special Report 13. Evaluation of Exothermic and Insulating Materials - A Literature Review. March 1977 (1.03 MB)
• SFSA Special Report 14. Literature Review of Discontinuities in Steel Centrifugal Castings. May 1977 (895 KB)
• SFSA Special Report 15. Survey of Cut-Off Techniques for Foundry Cleaning Rooms. June 1977 (391 KB)
• SFSA Special Report 16. Reclamation of No-Bake Organic and Sodium Silicate Sands. Dec. 1978 (729 KB)
• SFSA Special Report 17. A Literature Survey of Steel Casting Quenching Efficiency. June 1981 (1.17 MB)
• SFSA Special Report 18. Influence Section Size on the Mechanical Properties of Cast and Wrought Stainless Steels. Oct. 1981 (918 KB)
• SFSA Special Report 19. A Literature Survey of Intercritical Heat Treatment. March 1982 (569 KB)
• SFSA Special Report 20. Literature Review of Martensitic Stainless Steels. March 1982 (1.01 MB)
• SFSA Special Report 21. Literature Review - Weldability of Cast Steels. March 1982 (777 KB)
• SFSA Special Report 22. Gating and Risering - A Summary of Technical & Operating Conference Papers. Feb. 1984 (2.48 MB)
• SFSA Special Report 23. Making Quality Steel Castings: A Review of 20 Years of SFSA Literature. March 1984 (1.55 MB)
• SFSA Special Report 24. The Weldability of High Alloy Cast and Wrought Materials: A Literature Review. Dec. 1989 (562 KB)
• SFSA Special Report 25. Review of Deoxidation Practice. March 1990 (479 KB)
• SFSA Special Report 26. Analysis of Water Modeling as a Means of Studying Air Entrainment and Filter Effectiveness as Steel Castings are Poured. March 1993 (751 KB)
• SFSA Special Report 27. Metalcasting Lead Time and Cost Reduction - Software Tools. (1.72 MB)
• SFSA Special Report 28. Metalcasting Lead Time and Cost Reduction - Rapid Prototyping. (530 KB)
• SFSA Special Report 29. Assessing and Controlling Casting Dimensional Variability. March, 1997 (827 KB)
• SFSA Special Report 30. Yield in Steel casting Industry. January 1998 (1.87 MB)
• SFSA Special Report 31. Duplex Stainless Steels - A State of the Art Literature Review. March 2001 (1.95 MB)
• SFSA Special Report 32. Yield Improvement Case Studies - A collection of cast study reports completed for the Yield Improvement in Steel Castings Project. February 2002 (4.23 MB)
• SFSA Special Report 33. Melting Efficiency Survey - Statistical Analysis. March 2010 (1.2 MB)

SFSA Technical Service Reports

• SFSA Technical Service Report 101. Observations of the Effect of Nitrogen on Austenite Stability in CF-3 and CF-8 Stainless Steel. March 1990 (285 KB)
• SFSA Technical Service Report 102. Results of Examination of 7 Carbon Steel Casting Defects. April 1990 (2.5 MB)
• SFSA Technical Service Report 103. Identification of Porosity and Causes of Inclusions in Induction Melted 440 C Stainless Plate Castings. August 1990 (2.66 MB)
• SFSA Technical Service Report 104. Analysis of Inclusion Sources in Bars Cast from Acid Melted Carbon Steel. August 1990 (1.12 MB)
• SFSA Technical Service Report 105. Microstructural Analysis of Hot Tears in a WCB Steel Valve Body. Sept. 1990 (1.01 MB)
• SFSA Technical Service Report 106. Possible Localized Corrosion of A216 WCB Cast Carbon Steel in HF Acid Service. December 1990 (1.2 MB)
• SFSA Technical Service Report 107. Microstructural Analysis of Defects in Brake Wheel Housings. December 1991 (1.31 MB)
• SFSA Technical Service Report 108. Cleanliness of Conventionally Deoxidized and Calcium Treated Low Carbon Steel. November 1991 (2.19 MB)
• SFSA Technical Service Report 110. Microstructural Analysis of Porosity in a WCB Valve Disk. December 1991 (2.37 MB)
• SFSA Technical Service Report 111. Determining Source of Inclusions on the Cope Surface of a Rack Casting. January 1992 (2.2 MB)
• SFSA Technical Service Report 112. Weld Cracking of HP-40 Steel. April 1992 (2.12 MB)
• SFSA Technical Service Report 114. Refractory Debris in the Cope Surface of a Carbon Steel Casting. February 1993 (1.61 MB)
• SFSA Technical Service Report 115. Lamination Defect in a WCB Pillow Block. January 1993 (1.68 MB)
• SFSA Technical Service Report 116. Steel Penetration into a Washed Zircon Core. February 1993 (2.96 MB)
• SFSA Technical Service Report 117. Black Hole Defect in an AOD Refined, WCB Valve Body. March 1993 (1.8 MB)
• SFSA Technical Service Report 118. An Examination of Low Impact Toughness Quenched and Tempered Low Alloy Steel. March 1993 (4.94 MB)
• SFSA Technical Service Report 119. Analysis of a Scab Defect from a WCB Casting. March 1993 (1.56 MB)
• SFSA Technical Service Report 120. Low Impact Toughness in Thick Section Quenched and Tempered Heavy Section Steel Castings. July 1995 (2.53 MB)
• SFSA Technical Service Report 121. Evaluation of Cracking and Corrosion Sensitivity of a CN-3MN Casting / SMA Bead-on-Plate Welding using Inconel 112 Electrodes. April 1995 (5.89 MB)
• SFSA Technical Service Report 122. Failure Analysis of Cast Rudder CG-6MN. (Nitronic 50) March 1995 (1.23 MB)
• SFSA Technical Service Report 123. Brittle Fracture in a WCB Steel Casting. July 1995 (1.34 MB)
• SFSA Technical Service Report 124. Analysis of Defects of the Bored Surface of Six 1025 Carbon Steel Castings. August 1995 (4.45 MB)
• SFSA Technical Service Report 125. Mechanical Properties of ASTM Cast Equivalents to Wrought Product Designations. March 1996 (1.13 MB)
• SFSA Technical Service Report 126. Ductility Problems - Type II Sulfides. June 2000 (8.14 MB)

SFSA Research Foundation Reports

• SFSA Research Foundation Report A. Studies of the Design of Steel Castings and Steel Weldments as related to methods of Their Manufacture. Castings vs. Weldments. 1959 (2.04 MB)
• SFSA Research Foundation Report B. Correlation of Destructive Testing of Steel Castings with Stress Analysis and Mechanical Properties. A Summary Report. 1962 (598 KB)
• SFSA Research Foundation Report C. The Effects of Surface Discontinuities on the Fatigue Properties of Cast Steel Sections. 1966 (1.16 MB)
• SFSA Research Foundation Report D. Impact Properties of Cast Steel Sections with Surface Discontinuities. 1967 (1.77 MB)
• SFSA Research Foundation Report E. The Evaluation of Discontinuities in Commercial Steel Castings by Dynamic Loading to Failure in Fatigue. 1967 (1.89 MB)
• SFSA Research Foundation Report F. Fatigue of Cast Steels, Part I - A Study of the Notched Effect and the Specimen Design and Loading. Part II - Fractographic Studies of Fatigue and Cast Steels. 1967 (1.18 MB)
• SFSA Research Foundation Report G. The Effect of Internal Shrinkage Discontinuities on the Fatigue and Impact Properties of Cast Steel Sections. 1969 (251 KB)
• SFSA Research Foundation Report H. Review of Welding Cast Steels and its Effects on Fatigue and Toughness. 1979 (859 KB)

Steel Founders’ Research Journal

• Steel Founders’ Research Journal 1-3. Improvements in Steel Casting Technology - Processing and Metallurgy - P. F. Wieser, Case Western Reserve University
• Steel Founders’ Research Journal 1-15. Use of Hot Isostatic Processing To Eliminate Casting Defects - James L. McCall and Kenneth E. Meiners , Battelle Columbus Laboratories
• Steel Founders’ Research Journal 1-22. Improvement in Power Plant Steel Castings - Better Casting Design - John F. Wallace, Case Western Reserve University
• Steel Founders’ Research Journal 1-29. Repair Welding of Castings - John R. Dillon
• Steel Founders’ Research Journal 2-1. Foundry Research and Development Programs And Their Impact on Casting Quality - Carroll E. Mobley , Ohio State University
• Steel Founders’ Research Journal 2-9. Modulus Risering with a Programmable Calculator - J. McAdam, Dofasco, Hamilton, Ontario
• Steel Founders’ Research Journal 2-21. Quality Steel Castings Through Enhanced Melting and Pouring Practice - Carl S. Nalbone , Atlas Foundry & Machine Company, Tacoma, WA
• Steel Founders’ Research Journal 3-1. In-Service Inspection of Heavy Section Castings: Techniques, Results, Implications - M.E. Lapides and T.U. Marston, EPRI
• Steel Founders’ Research Journal 3-5. Gas Holes in Iron and Steel Castings - Raymond W. Monroe, SFSA
• Steel Founders’ Research Journal 3-13. Individual and Combined Effects of Sulfur and Phosphorus on the Toughness of High Strength Steels. Part I: Review and Analysis of Literature - E. Chang and J. Wallace, Case Western Reserve University
• Steel Founders’ Research Journal 4-1. Typical Charpy V-Notch Curves Versus Temperature for Carbon and Low Alloy Steels: Influence of the Structure - CTIF
• Steel Founders’ Research Journal 5-1. Literature Review on the Role of Nitrogen in Austenitic Steels - S. J. Pawel, University of Tennessee
• Steel Founders’ Research Journal 5-9. The Use of Iron Oxides in No-Bake Bonded Sand Molds - Raymond W. Monroe, SFSA
• Steel Founders’ Research Journal 6-1. Riser Design Results from Geometric Programming for Steel Castings - Robert C. Creese, West Virginia University
• Steel Founders’ Research Journal 6-12. Computer Programs for Gating and Risering - Ronald W. Ruddle, Ronald W. Ruddle and Associates
• Steel Founders’ Research Journal 7-1. Individual and Combined Effects of Sulfur and Phosphorus on the Toughness of High Strength Steels Part II: Experimental Results and Discussion - E. Chang and J. Wallace , Case Western Reserve University
• Steel Founders’ Research Journal 7-11. An Architect/Engineer Perspective on Power Plant Casting Quality - G. M. Kerzner, Stone & Webster Engineering Corporation
• Steel Founders’ Research Journal 7-15. Quality Assurance and V-Process Molding - Thomas A. Englat and William D. Hollander , Adirondack Steel Casting Company
• Steel Founders’ Research Journal 8-1. Preparation for Welding by the Air-Carbon Arc Process - E. J. Ridal & W. J. Jackson, SCRATA
• Steel Founders’ Research Journal 9-1. Improvements in Power Plant Castings Quality - A User's Perspective - Paul E. St. Pierre, P.E. and Malcolm E. Taylor, P.E. , Pennsylvania Power & Light Company
• Steel Founders’ Research Journal 9-4. Pre-Production Planning and Engineering for High Integrity Steel Castings - W. K. Merkel, Atlas Foundry & Machine Company, Tacoma, WA
• Steel Founders’ Research Journal 9-10. Behavior of Gases in Steel Castings - Dr. John M. Svoboda , SFSA
• Steel Founders’ Research Journal 10-1. New Developments in High Alloy Cast Steel - John A. Larson , lngersoll-Rand
• Steel Founders’ Research Journal 10-11. Conservation of Alloying Elements in Cast Steels - Dr. W.J. Jackson, SCRATA
• Steel Founders’ Research Journal 11-1. Conservation of Alloying Elements in Cast Steels - Dr. W.J. Jackson, SCRATA
• Steel Founders’ Research Journal 11-9. Machining Steel Castings - Raymond W. Monroe, SFSA
• Steel Founders’ Research Journal 12-3. Three Dimensional Solidification Simulation System with Graphic Terminal for Prediction of Shrinkage in Sand Casting - Kouichi Anzai1, Eisuke Niyama1, Toshio Uchida1, Toshihiko Ohshima2 , Hitachi, LTD
• Steel Founders’ Research Journal 12-11. Toughness of High-Purity Cast and Forged 2 1/4 Cr-1 Mo Steels - P.S. Khadkikar, P. F. Wieser, Case Western Reserve University
• Steel Founders’ Research Journal 13-1. Some Aspects of Large Steel Castings Production - Ladislav Horak, Jiri KraI, Emil Koutsky, Frantisek Kubes, Jan Jirsa, Josef Ernst, Skoda Concern Enterprise
• Steel Founders’ Research Journal 13-7. Application of Abrasive Waterjet to the Cleaning of Fettling of Steel Castings - J. Gerin Sylvia, University of Rhode Island
• Steel Founders’ Research Journal 13-13. Fatigue of Cast Steels - Ralph I. Stephens, University of Iowa
• Steel Founders’ Research Journal 14-1. Understanding Various National and International Specifications - Raymond W. Monroe, SFSA
• Steel Founders’ Research Journal 14-17. Cast High Alloy Metallurgy - Dr. Martin Prager, Materials Properties Council
• Steel Founders’ Research Journal 14-31. Summary Report of Round Robin Spectrographic Chemical Analysis - Leonard Aubrey and Raymond Monroe, SFSA
• Steel Founders’ Research Journal 15-1. Fisher Ceramic Core & Mould Process - S. D. Hays, Fisher Cast Steel Products Inc.
• Steel Founders’ Research Journal 15-5. Calcined Coal Clay May Be Used Satisfactorily for Precision Casting - Fang Jian, Beijing Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics and Qin Jiajun, Nanpiao Factory for Precision Casting Sand
• Steel Founders’ Research Journal 15-15. History of Pattern Waxes Composition, Characteristics and Handling - Lou Argueso, Cerita Wax Division, M Argueso & Co Inc.
• Steel Founders’ Research Journal 16-1. The Effect of Modification on Cast Carbon Steel Susceptibility to Hot Cracking - I. Telejko, Academy of Mining and Metallurgy Krakow-Poland and I. Mousa, Zagazig University Cairo, Egypt
• Steel Founders’ Research Journal 16-10. Case Hardening of Tool Steel Using a CO2 Industrial Laser - M. F. Fahmy, University of Northern Iowa and M. T. Tabrizi, Iowa Laser Technology
• Steel Founders’ Research Journal 16-18. Oxide Macroinclusion Formation: Some Thermodynamic and Kinetic Considerations - Raymond W. Monroe, SFSA
• Steel Founders’ Research Journal 17-1. Literature Review of Solidification Simulations In The Design of Sand Castings - Ronald L. Lewis, Shuhyuan Liou and Ye-Don Shin , Ohio State University
• Steel Founders’ Research Journal 18-1. Improved Bottom Pour Nozzle Technology - J. M. Svoboda, Casteel Techology Associates, Inc. and G.J. Vingas, Ceramco, Inc.
• Steel Founders’ Research Journal 18-7. The Consteel Process in the Micromill and Foundry - John A. Vallomy, Intersteel Technology
• Steel Founders’ Research Journal 19-1. Characteristic of Zircon Sands and Their Application in Metal Casting - Dr. P. N. Charkraborty , National Institute of Foundry & Forge Technology, India, Managing Editor, Indian Foundry Journal
• Steel Founders’ Research Journal 19-8. Chromium-Nickel Steels and Cast Steels Resistant to Corrosion in Solutions of Nitric and Sulphuric Acid - M. Holtzer and A. Staronka , Academy of Mining and Metallurgy Krakow, Poland
• Steel Founders’ Research Journal 19-21. Alphaset System: New Binder Technology For Steel Castings Production - S. Raja lyer, Earl Weber and Ken Keel ,
• Steel Founders’ Research Journal 20-2. The Formation of Network of Surface Cracks in Heavy Steel Castings Prepared in Cement-Bonded Sand Moulds - Dr. lreneusz Telejko and Dr. Andrzej Chojecki , Academy of Mining and Metallurgy Krakow, Poland
• Steel Founders’ Research Journal 20-8. Planar Front Solidification Simulation for Rectangular Castings Using Discrete Event Simulation - Shuh-Yuan Liou*, Ye-don Shin*, and Dr. Ronald L. Lewis** , Ohio State University
• Steel Founders’ Research Journal 20-24. Loading Rate as a Parameter in Foundry Sand Testing - Claudio Luiz Mariotto, lnstituto de Pesquisas Tecnologicas, Brazil
• Steel Founders’ Research Journal 21-1. Solution Kinetics of Boron, Niobium and Zirconium Ferroalloys in Liquid Steel - Stavros A. Argyropoulos and Panagiotis G. Sismanis, University of Toronto
• Steel Founders’ Research Journal 21-16. Sand Reclamation Study - H.V. Shotwell, American Steel Foundries, East Chicago, IN
• Steel Founders’ Research Journal 22-1. Characterization of HSLA Cast Steel 12 MDV6-M Influence of Wall Thickness and Heat Treatment - Marie-Therese Leger, CTIF
• Steel Founders’ Research Journal 22-15. Under- Riser Segregation - Kenneth W. Murphy, American Cast Iron Pipe Company
• Steel Founders’ Research Journal 23-1. An Investigation on Factors Influencing Mechanical Properties of Large Heavy-Sectioned Castings Made of Low Carbon Martensitic Stainless Steel (ZGOCr₁₃Ni₆Mo) - Yu Zusheng, Zhengzhou Research Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Henan, China, Ai Zhongchang, Second Heavy Machine Works, Deyang, Sichuan, China
• Steel Founders’ Research Journal 23-15. Computer Simulation of Solidification of a Steel Casting - Robert D. Pehlke , University of Michigan
• Steel Founders’ Research Journal 24-1. Non-Isothermal Phase Transformations in Cast Fe- Mn-AI -Si -C AIIoys - A. Prodhan and A. K. Chakrabarti , lndian lnstitute of Technology
• Steel Founders’ Research Journal 24-7. CT Quantitative 3-D Inspection - R.A. Armistead and T.G. Perkins, Advanced Research and Applications Corporation
• Steel Founders’ Research Journal 24-12. Practical Experiences with Replicast Ceramic Shell - Peter T. Hughes, Glencast Limited, Kirkland Works, Scotland
• Steel Founders’ Research Journal 24-19. Characterization of HSLA Cast Steel 12 MCV6-M Influence of Wall Thickness and Heat Treatment - Marie-Terese Leger, CTIF

SFSA Technical Folios

• SFSA Technical Folio - First Quarter, 2002
• SFSA Technical Folio - Second Quarter, 2002
• SFSA Technical Folio - Third Quarter, 2002
• SFSA Technical Folio - Fourth Quarter, 2002
• SFSA Technical Folio - First Quarter, 2003
• SFSA Technical Folio - Second Quarter, 2003
• SFSA Technical Folio - Third Quarter, 2003
• SFSA Technical Folio - Fourth Quarter, 2003
• SFSA Technical Folio - First Quarter, 2004
• SFSA Technical Folio - Second Quarter, 2004
• SFSA Technical Folio - Third Quarter, 2004
• SFSA Technical Folio - Fourth Quarter, 2004
• SFSA Technical Folio - First Quarter, 2005
• SFSA Technical Folio - Second Quarter, 2005
• SFSA Technical Folio - Third Quarter, 2005
• SFSA Technical Folio - Fourth Quarter, 2005
• SFSA Technical Folio - First Quarter, 2006
• SFSA Technical Folio - Second Quarter, 2006
• SFSA Technical Folio - Third Quarter, 2006
• SFSA Technical Folio - Fourth Quarter, 2006
• SFSA Technical Folio - First Quarter, 2007
• SFSA Technical Folio - Second Quarter, 2007
• SFSA Technical Folio - Third Quarter, 2007
• SFSA Technical Folio - Fourth Quarter, 2007
• SFSA Technical Folio - First Quarter, 2008
• SFSA Technical Folio - Second Quarter, 2008
• SFSA Technical Folio - Third Quarter, 2008
• SFSA Technical Folio - Fourth Quarter, 2008
• SFSA Technical Folio - First Quarter, 2009
• SFSA Technical Folio - Second Quarter, 2009
• SFSA Technical Folio - Third Quarter, 2009
• SFSA Technical Folio - Fourth Quarter, 2009
• SFSA Technical Folio - First Quarter, 2010
• SFSA Technical Folio - Second Quarter, 2010
• SFSA Technical Folio - Third Quarter, 2010
• SFSA Technical Folio - First Quarter, 2011
• SFSA Technical Folio - Second Quarter, 2011
• SFSA Technical Folio - Third Quarter, 2011
• SFSA Technical Folio - Fourth Quarter, 2011
• SFSA Technical Folio - First Quarter, 2012
• SFSA Technical Folio - Second Quarter, 2012
• SFSA Technical Folio - Third Quarter, 2012
• SFSA Technical Folio - Fourth Quarter, 2012

Steel Castings Handbook Supplements

• Supplement 1 - Design Rules and Data (1985) A review of design rules applicable to steel castings.
• Supplement 2 - Summary of Standard Specifications for Steel Castings (2017) Data sheet charts listing standard specifications for more than 100 designated classes of steel castings
• Supplement 3 - Dimensional Tolerances (2003) Illustrations and tables of data providing guides to the computation of tolerances for steel casting dimensions
• Supplement 3 - Dimensional Tolerances - Old version Older version of Supplement 3, including SFSA T tolerance values
• Supplement 4 - Drafting Practices for Castings (1985) Illustrations to assist the draftsman in communicating all information necessary for the patternmaker and the foundrymen in the successful production of castings
• Supplement 5 - General Properties of Steel Castings (1985) Properties that can be expected from Carbon & Low Alloy steel castings
• Supplement 6 - Repair Welding and Fabrication Welding of Carbon and Low Alloy Steel Castings (1985) Authoritative manual on proven welding procedures, trade names of welding electrodes, properties of welds deposited according to American Welding Society classifications, etc., resulting from a research project conducted by Case Western Reserve University and sponsored by SFSA
• Supplement 7 - Welding of High Alloy Castings (2004) Welding information and procedures for heat resistant and corrosion resistant cast steel alloys
• Supplement 8 - High Alloy Data Sheets - Corrosion Series (2004) Descriptions, heat treatment information, application information, design and service considerations, fabrication information and designations for corrosion resistant cast steel alloys
• Supplement 9 - High Alloy Data Sheets - Heat Series (2004) Descriptions, heat treatment information, application information, design and service considerations, fabrication information and designations for heat resistant cast steel alloys
• Supplement 10 - A Glossary of Foundry Terms (1985)
• Supplement 11 - Hardenability and Heat Treatment (1985) Step-by-step the process for determining the hardenability of a steel casting. The method of making needed calculations has been simplified by using tables rather than curves, and examples are given to show how these tables should be used. Computation of the ideal critical diameter, the end quench curve, and hardness traverse, and the percent of martensite present in various depths in a section of a steel casting requires only addition and interpolation from tables

Other SFSA Publications

• Fundamentals of Steel Castings Design. Charles W. Briggs, SFSA (6MB)
• Fracture Toughness in Relation to Steel Castings Design and Application. W.J. Jackson, SCRATA. SFSA (968 KB)
• Fundamentals of Core Sands and Binders. SFSA 1961 (817 KB)
• Fundamentals of Risering Steel Castings. SFSA 1960 (426 KB)
• Fundamentals of Steel Foundry Sands. Charles Briggs. SFSA 1959 (1.58 MB)
• Process Control for Quality. Quality Assurance Task Force, SFSA. (1.14 MB)
• Risering Steel Castings. SFSA 1973 (1.9MB)
• Gating and Risering. SFSA 1982 (1.33 MB)
• The Solidification of Steel Castings. SFSA, 1965 (2.29 MB)
• Hot Tears in Steel Castings. SFSA 1968 (1.39 MB)
• Microstructures of Heat-Resistant Alloys. Battelle Memorial Institute. Alloy Casting Institute Division, SFSA, 1970. (21.16 MB)
• Atlas of Cast Corrosion-Resistant Alloy Microstructures. Charles Bates, Larry Tillery, Southern Research Institute. SFSA (6.67 MB)
• Steel Casting Metallurgy. SFSA 1984 (2.79 MB)
• Steel Castings Handbook Fourth Edition. Charles W. Briggs, SFSA, 1970 (22.44 MB)
  • Chapter 1. Advantages of Steel Castings for Industry
  • Chapter 2. Industrial Applications of Steel Castings
  • Chapter 3. Fundamentals of Steel Casting Design
  • Chapter 4. Redesigning for Steel Castings
  • Chapter 5. Evaluation of Steel Casting Design
  • Chapter 6. Design Evaluation of Discontinuities in Steel Castings
  • Chapter 7. Design of Steel Castings vs Steel Weldments
  • Chapter 8. Dimensional Tolerances
  • Chapter 9. Design Drawings for Casting Production
  • Chapter 10. Specifications for Steel Castings
  • Chapter 11. Normal Variations in the Properties of Cast Steel
  • Chapter 12. Physical Values Pertaining to Cast Steel
  • Chapter 13. Hardenability of Cast Steel and its Uses
  • Chapter 14. Structural Cast Steels-Carbon Steel Grades
  • Chapter 15. Engineering Cast Steels-Low Alloy Grades
  • Chapter 16. Cast Steels for Wear Resistance
  • Chapter 17. Cast Steels for Low Temperature Application
  • Chapter 18. Cast Steels for High Temperature and High Alloys for Heat Resistance
  • Chapter 19. Cast Steels and High Alloys for Corrosion
  • Chapter 20. Welding of Steel Castings
  • Chapter 21. Heat Treatment Principles and Recommended Practice
  • Chapter 22. Machinability of Steel Castings
  • Chapter 23. Patterns for Steel Castings
  • Chapter 24. The Manufacture of Steel Castings
  • Chapter 25. Quality Control
  • Chapter 26. Specifying and Purchasing Steel Castings
  • Chapter 27. Steel Castings- Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow
  • Appendix Engineering Tables
  • Index
• Steel Foundry Melting Practice. SFSA 1973 (493 KB)
• The Flow of Steel in Molds. SFSA 1958 (1.9 MB)
• Troubleshooting the Steel Casting Process. SFSA 1987 (4.42 MB)
• Ultrasonic Testing of Steel Castings. J.D. Lavender, SCRATA. SFSA 1976 (1.66 MB)
• Cast to Shape - A history of the steel casting industry in the United States. William P. Conway, Jr., SFSA, 1977 (5.08MB)
• Alloy Casting Institute Standard for the Visual Inspection of Casting Surfaces. SFSA 1969 (1.6MB)
• Feeding and Risering Guidelines for Steel Castings (Red Book). SFSA 2001 617 KB
• Steelmaking for Steel Founders. SCRATA. SFSA 1979 6.31 MB
• A Review of the Use of Chills. William D. Scott
• Castings or Forgings?. An honest presentation of the advantages and limits of both steel component forms allows users to make informed choices when considering a forged or cast design.
• Recommended Practice for the Welding of Steel Castings. SFSA 1951 2.7 MB
• Recommended Practice for Repair Welding and Fabrication Welding of Steel Castings. SFSA July 1969 3.4 MB

Raw Materials Specifications

These are basically obsolete but are included because they are occasionally referenced by other documents.

• SFSA Standard Specification 10-61 for Gelatinized Cereal Binder, issued 1961
• SFSA Standard Specification 11-72 for Zircon Sand and Flour, revised 1972
• SFSA Standard Specification 12-61 for Washed and Dried Sand, issued 1961
• SFSA Standard Specification 13T-86 for Western Bentonite, issued 1986, superseding 13T-65, issued 1965
• SFSA Standard Specification 14-61 for Crude Sand, issued 1961
• SFSA Standard Specification 15-81 for Forsterite and/or Olivine Aggregate and Flour, revised 1981
• SFSA Standard Specification 16T-67 for Chromite Sand and Flour, issued 1967
• SFSA Standard Specification 20-66 for Cast Steel Abrasives, issued 1966
• SFSA Standard Specification 21-68 for Malleable Iron Abrasives, issued 1968
• SFSA Standard Specification 30T-65 for Moldable Exothermic Pad Materials, issued 1965
• SFSA Standard Specification 31T-65 for Exothermic Materials for Molded Exothermic Sleeves, issued 1965
• SFSA Standard Specification 40T-78 for Steel Castings for Controlled Quality Level, General Industrial Steel Casting Grades for Valves - Visual Surface Inspection and Scheduled Radiographic Inspection, issued 1978
• SFSA Standard Specification 41T-81 for Preformed Exothermic and Insulating Sleeves, issued 1981