SFSA reports and other publications

SFSA Carbon & Low Alloy Research Reports

• SFSA Research Report 1. Time-Temperature Transformation Curves (S-Curves) for Use in the Heat Treatment of Cast Steels. Final Report Project No. 6, Part I. August 1944 (1.02 MB)
• SFSA Research Report 2. The Determination of the Relation Of Impact Strength to the Hardness, Ductility and Strength ofCast Steels at Normal and Low Temperatures. October, 1944 (757 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 3. Determination of the Mechanical Properties of the Low Alloy (NE) Steels as Produced for Castings. December, 1944 (1.27 MB)
• SFSA Research Report 4. Low Ductility and Porosity of Cast Steels Due to Hydrogen and Nitrogen Part I-Review of Literature. February, 1945 (416 KB)
• SFSA Research Report No. 5. Low Temperature Impact Strength Of Certain Alloy Cast Steels. March, 1945 (694 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 6. The Determination of the Critical Dimensions for Necked-Down Risers. April, 1945 (660 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 7. Comparison of Properties of Core Oils and Binders, and Development of Acceptance Tests. May, 1945 (1.72 MB)
• SFSA Research Report 8. An Investigation of the Value of Low Temperature Ceramic Glazes As Mold Washes. July, 1945 (433 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 9. The Effect of Deoxidation Methods On the Low Temperature Impact Properties of Cast Steel. April, 1946 (612 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 10. Austenite Grain Size Of Cast Steels. November, 1946 (1.56 MB)
• SFSA Research Report 11. Necked-Down Risers for Production Steel Castings. March, 1947 (829 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 12. The Effect of Homogenization On Cast Steels. May, 1947 (782 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 13. Determination of the Factors Influencing Riser Efficiency. Part I. Steel Castings Fed by One Riser. July, 1947 (1.02 MB)
• SFSA Research Report 14. Effect of Hydrogen and Nitrogen On the Ductility and Porosity Of Cast Steels. Part II--Hydrogen and Nitrogen Contents of Steel During Commercial Melting; And the Effect of Hydrogen on the Ductility of Cast Steels September, 1947 (1.49 MB)
• SFSA Research Report 15. The Influence of Microstructure on the Mechanical Properties of Cast Steels. December, 1947 (1.39 MB)
• SFSA Research Report 16. Weldability of Carbon-Manganese Steels. February, 1948 (410 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 17. Reproducibility of Results of Tensile Tests on Specimens Prepared from Cast Steel Coupons. May, 1948 (210 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 18. An Investigation of the Surface Finish of Steel Castings. August, 1948 (456 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 19. Dendritic and As-Cast Structures. October, 1948 (692 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 20. Pressure Feeding. December, 1948 (482 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 21. Flow of Molten Steel in Sand Molds. August, 1949 (1.56 MB)
• SFSA Research Report 22. Control of Solidification by the Use of Various Molding Materials. January, 1950 (947 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 23. Sand Reclamation. April, 1950 (1.79 MB)
• SFSA Research Report 24. An Evaluation of Riser Compounds. August, 1950 (669 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 25. Part II - The Flow of Molten Steel in Sand Molds. January, 1951 (1.4 MB)
• SFSA Research Report 26. Metal Removal in the Cleaning of Steel Castings. September, 1951 (1.04 MB)
• SFSA Research Report 27. The Machinability of Cast Steels. August, 1952 (1.45 MB)
• SFSA Research Report 28. Boron Treated Cast Steels. February, 1953 (1.73 MB)
• SFSA Research Report 29. Deoxidation and Desulphurization of Cast Steels with Rare-earth Metals. May, 1953 (599 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 30. Determination of the Factors Influencing Riser-efficiency - Part II, The Distance Risers Will Feed Uniformly Thick Sections. September, 1953 (858 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 31. The Performance of Whirl-Gate with Liquid Steel. December, 1953 (307 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 32. The Effect of Rare-earth Metals on Cast Steels. April, 1954 (1.37 MB)
• SFSA Research Report 33. Evaluation of Various Molding Refractories for Casting Steel. December, 1954 (506 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 34. The Shell Molding Process for Plain Carbon and Low Alloy Steel Castings. August, 1955 (849 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 35. Fatigue Properties of Comparable Cast and Wrought Steels. October, 1955 (967 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 36. Blast Cleaning of Steel Castings. February, 1956 (1.47 MB)
• SFSA Research Report 37. The Machinability of Steel Casting Surfaces. August, 1956 (840 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 38. Elements of Design for Prevention of Hot Tearing in Steel Castings. February, 1957 (1.12 MB)
• SFSA Research Report 39. A Study of Deoxidation and Desulphurization of Cast Steels. July, 1957 (1.14 MB)
• SFSA Research Report 40. The Significance of Liquid Limit in Evaluating Steel Foundry Bentonites. December, 1957 (722 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 41. The Effect of Heat Treatment Variables on the Toughness of Cast Steels. June, 1958 (3.33 MB)
• SFSA Research Report 42. Sodium Silicate-Carbon Dioxide Inorganic Bonds for Molds and Cores. September, 1958 (691 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 43. The Effect of Deoxidation Variables on the Toughness of Cast Steels. May, 1959 (862 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 44. Studies of the Design of Steel Castings and Steel Weldments as Related to Methods of Their Manufacture. July, 1959 (1.14 MB)
• SFSA Research Report 45. Packing of Steel Foundry Sands. November, 1960 (370 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 46. Elements of Design for Prevention of Hot Tearing in Steel Castings Part III - Joining of Stress Active Sections. December, 1960 (321 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 47. The Development of Effective Bentonite Clay Bonds for Steel Foundry Sands. January, 1961 (365 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 48. An Investigation of Factors Producing the Ceroxide Defect on Steel Castings - Part I - Composition and Sources. February, 1961 (621 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 49. Tolerances for Steel Castings. April, 1961 (2.7 MB)
• SFSA Research Report 50. The Distance Risers Feed Uniformly Thick 4 to 12 Inch Cast Steel Sections. August, 1961 (611 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 51. The use of Exothermic Pads to Increase the Riser Feeding Distance in Steel Castings - Part I - Padding Horizontally and Vertically Cast Plate Sections. February, 1962 (497 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 52. An Investigation of Factors Producing the Ceroxide Defect on Steel Castings - Part II - Controlling the Occurrence of Ceroxide by Gating and Trapping. July, 1962 (591 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 53. Inorganic Bonds for Steel Casting Molds - An Investigation of Colloidal Silica. August, 1962 (318 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 54. An Investigation of Factors Producing the Ceroxide Defect on Steel Castings - Part III - Commercial Casting Plant Trials. July, 1963 (998 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 55. Development of a Sodium Silicate Binder for Steel Foundry Sand Molds. November, 1963 (394 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 56. Properties of Thick Section Steel Castings. October, 1964 (2.36 MB)
• SFSA Research Report 57. Vacuum Degassing for Steel Castings. May, 1965 (449 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 58. The Lateral Feeding of Risers for Steel Castings. August, 1965 (345 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 59. Desulphurization Prior to the Boil. October, 1965 (341 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 60. Further Investigations on Sodium Silicate-CO2 Binder for Molds. December, 1965 (544 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 61. Silicon Metal Fines Used for Setting Sodium Silicate Bonded Steel Foundry Molds. January, 1966 (310 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 62. Efficiency of Blast Cleaning. April, 1966 (276 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 63. The Effect of Gating Design on the Surface Quality of Steel Castings. October, 1966 (482 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 64. Atmospheric Corrosion of Carbon and Low Alloy Cast Steels. March, 1967 (427 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 65. Refractory Facing Materials for Steel Foundry Molds. June, 1967 (631 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 66. Determination of Metal Taper to Produce Radiographic Soundness in Uniform Cast Steel Sections. July, 1967 (151 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 67. The Use of Exothermic Pads to Increase the Riser Feeding Distance in Steel Castings. Aug 1967 (508 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 68. Reverse Slag Process. November, 1967 (321 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 69. The Effect of Chemical Additives at the Mold-Metal Interface. January, 1968 (415 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 70. High Purity Alumina Ladle Linings. March, 1968 (349 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 71. The Effect of Sulfur and Phosphorus on the Dynamic Properties of Cast Steel. October, 1968 (790 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 72. Fluid Sand Process for Steel Castings. December, 1968 (669 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 73. The Search for Cause and Effect Relations. December, 1970 (349 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 74. The Effect of Cold Setting Binders on Casting Surfaces. May, 1971 (509 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 75. The Nil Ductility Transition Temperature of Cast Steels. August, 1971 (974 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 76. Survey of New Methods of Cleaning Steel Castings - CaC12 Conditioning. December, 1971 (878 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 77. The Flow of Liquid Steel in Molds. April, 1972 (475 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 78. Unusual Ways to Reduce the Cost of Surface Defects. May, 1973 (705 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 79. Refractory Facings for Molds. June, 1973 (368 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 80. The Toughness of Cast Steels NDTT, Charpy V-notch and Dynamic Tear Tests. May, 1974 (1.31 MB)
• SFSA Research Report 81. Plane Strain Fracture Toughness of Cast Steels. February, 1975 (1.04 MB)
• SFSA Research Report 82. Brittle, Rock Candy Type Fracture - Cause and Cures. September, 1975 (405 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 83. Evaluation of Riser Feeding Aids. July, 1977 (397 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 84. Dimensional Tolerances. August, 1977 (674 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 85. Fatigue Behavior of Cast Steel - Effects of Shot Peening, Carburization and Decarburization. January, 1978 (615 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 86. Machine Assisted Finishing of Steel Castings. April, 1978 (703 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 87. Surface Contamination of Steel Castings from Furan and Phenolic No-Bake Binders. May, 1979 (640 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 88. Cement Binders for Steel Castings Production. May, 1980 (638 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 89. Whirlgates for Large Steel Castings. September, 1980 (276 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 90. Shortened Cycle Heat Treatment of Cast Steel. February, 1981 (367 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 91. Contamination of Steel Castings from Riser Sleeve and Topping Materials with Reference to Under-riser Cracking. December, 1981 (141 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 92. The Inmold Deoxidation of Steel Castings. March, 1982 (446 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 93. Toughness of Heavy Sectioned Cast Steel for Arctic Service. April, 1982 (1.72 MB)
• SFSA Research Report 94A. Fatigue and Fracture Toughness of Five Carbon and Low Alloy Cast Steels at Room or Low Climatic Temperatures. October, 1982 (1.99 MB)
• SFSA Research Report 94B. Fatigue and Fracture Toughness of Five Carbon or Low Alloy Cast Steels at Room or Low Climatic Temperatures. May, 1983 (463 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 95. Evaluating the Effects of Quenching Variables on Hardening of Steel. January, 1984 (1.22 MB)
• SFSA Research Report 95A. Evaluation of the Effects of Quenching Variables on Hardening Steel. May, 1985 (671 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 96. Weldability of Cast Carbon and Low Alloy Steels - Effect of Microstructure and Hydrogen Induced HAZ Cracking Susceptibility. January, 1985 (583 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 97. Ladle Desulfurization of Acid Melted Cast Steel. February, 1985 (597 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 98. Filtration of Liquid Steel. May, 1986 (402 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 99. Detecting Aluminum Nitride Grain Boundary Embrittlement in Cast Steel. November, 86 (379 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 100. Development of Casting Technology to Allow Direct Use of Steel Castings in High Speed Machining Lines. May, 1987 (655 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 101. Intercritical Heat Treatment of C-Mn and 8630 Type Cast Steels. July, 1987 (875 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 102A. The Behavior of Iron Oxide as an Additive to No-bake Sands for the Reduction of Casting Defects. July, 1990 (310 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 103. Effects of Melt Practice, Core Binder, and Core Density on Hot Tearing of Cast Steel. January 1991 (309 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 104. Ladle Treating, Pouring and Gating for the Production of Clean Steel Castings. January 1991 (711 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 105. Role of As-Cast Microstructure in the Development of Properties in Heat Treated Cast Steels. June, 1991 (630 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 106. Clean Cast Steel Technology. January 1994 (1.39 MB)
• SFSA Research Report 107. Properties and Processing of High Strength Low Alloy. HSLA (2.19 MB)
• SFSA Research Report 108. Clean Cast Steel Technology. September 1995 (726 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 109. Initial Study of the Dimensional Variability of Production Steel Castings. September 1995 (1.06 MB)
• SFSA Research Report 110. Development of a Methodology to Predict and Prevent Leaks Caused by Microporosity in Steel Castings. November 2001 (1.54 MB)
• SFSA Research Report 111. Development of New Feeding Distance Rules Using Casting Simulation. 2004 (10.76 MB)
• SFSA Research Report 112. Metal Penetration in Sand Molds for Steel Casting. July, 2002 (8.49 MB)
• SFSA Research Report 113. Fillability of Thin-Wall Steel Castings. July, 2004 (1,004 KB)
• SFSA Research Report 114. Pouring Stream Shrouding Trials. January 2006 (9.37 MB)

SFSA High Alloy Research Reports

• SFSA Research Report A-75. Hot-Cracking of CN-7M. March 1984 (657 KB)
• SFSA Research Report A-78-79. Effects of Nitrogen Additions on CF-3 and CF-8 Stainless Steels. May 1985 (716 KB)
• SFSA Research Report A-82. Sensitization Behavior of Cast Stainless Steels Subject to Weld Repair. August 1984 (2.97 MB)
• SFSA Research Report A-85. The Role of Nitrogen in the Corrosion Behavior of Cast Austenitic and Duplex Stainless Steels. January 1988 (675 KB)
• SFSA Research Report A-91. D.C. Plasma-Arc Refining. January 1992 (190 KB)
• SFSA Research Report A-92. Development of Database Design Rules For Cast, High Alloy Steel Components - Final Report. March 2001 (3.48 MB)
• SFSA Research Report A-93. Improved Process Procedures for Upgrading and Repair of High Alloy Stainless Steel Castings - Duplex Stainless Steels. March 2001 (3.18 MB)
• SFSA Research Report A-94. Ferrite Measurement in Austenitic and Duplex Stainless Steel Castings. March 2001 (1.28 MB)
• SFSA Research Report A-95. Systematic Microstructural & Corrosion Performance Evaluation of CK3MCuN & CK3MN High Molybdenum Stainless Steel Castings. March 2002 (14.74 MB)

SFSA Special Reports

• SFSA Special Report 1. Hot-Tear Defects in Steel Castings. March 1970 (648 KB)
• SFSA Special Report 2. Scab, Buckle and Rat-tail Defects on Steel Castings. April 1970 (1.86 MB)
• SFSA Special Report 3. Ceroxide Defects in Steel Castings. April 1970 (394 KB)
• SFSA Special Report 4. Adhering-sand Defects on Steel Castings. May 1970 (769 KB)
• SFSA Special Report 5. Eroded-sand Defects on Steel Castings. Sept. 1970 (377 KB)
• SFSA Special Report 6. Pinhole Defects in Steel Castings. Sept. 1970 (529 KB)
• SFSA Special Report 7. A Computer Program for Calculating Feeding Distance in Cast Steel Plates Programmer's Reference Manual, F-plate. Oct. 1970 (381 KB)
• SFSA Special Report 8. A Literature Survey of Specialty Sands: Chromite, Zircon, Olivine and Aluminum Silicate. May 1972 (626 KB)
• SFSA Special Report 9. Management and Process Controls. July 1973 (1.1 MB)
• SFSA Special Report 10. A Review of Intermediate and High Strength Steels - Their Properties and Applications. Sept. 1974 (1.38 MB)
• SFSA Special Report 11. A Review of Welding Cast Steels and Its Effect on Fatigue and Toughness Properties. Dec. 1974 (1.37 MB)
• SFSA Special Report 12. The Morphology of Brittle Intergranular Fracture of Steel Castings and the Effects of Processing Variables on Its Occurrence. Sept. 1975 (2.48 MB)
• SFSA Special Report 13. Evaluation of Exothermic and Insulating Materials - A Literature Review. March 1977 (1.03 MB)
• SFSA Special Report 14. Literature Review of Discontinuities in Steel Centrifugal Castings. May 1977 (895 KB)
• SFSA Special Report 15. Survey of Cut-Off Techniques for Foundry Cleaning Rooms. June 1977 (391 KB)
• SFSA Special Report 16. Reclamation of No-Bake Organic and Sodium Silicate Sands. Dec. 1978 (729 KB)
• SFSA Special Report 17. A Literature Survey of Steel Casting Quenching Efficiency. June 1981 (1.17 MB)
• SFSA Special Report 18. Influence Section Size on the Mechanical Properties of Cast and Wrought Stainless Steels. Oct. 1981 (918 KB)
• SFSA Special Report 19. A Literature Survey of Intercritical Heat Treatment. March 1982 (569 KB)
• SFSA Special Report 20. Literature Review of Martensitic Stainless Steels. March 1982 (1.01 MB)
• SFSA Special Report 21. Literature Review - Weldability of Cast Steels. March 1982 (777 KB)
• SFSA Special Report 22. Gating and Risering - A Summary of Technical & Operating Conference Papers. Feb. 1984 (2.48 MB)
• SFSA Special Report 23. Making Quality Steel Castings: A Review of 20 Years of SFSA Literature. March 1984 (1.55 MB)
• SFSA Special Report 24. The Weldability of High Alloy Cast and Wrought Materials: A Literature Review. Dec. 1989 (562 KB)
• SFSA Special Report 25. Review of Deoxidation Practice. March 1990 (479 KB)
• SFSA Special Report 26. Analysis of Water Modeling as a Means of Studying Air Entrainment and Filter Effectiveness as Steel Castings are Poured. March 1993 (751 KB)
• SFSA Special Report 27. Metalcasting Lead Time and Cost Reduction - Software Tools. (1.72 MB)
• SFSA Special Report 28. Metalcasting Lead Time and Cost Reduction - Rapid Prototyping. (530 KB)
• SFSA Special Report 29. Assessing and Controlling Casting Dimensional Variability. March, 1997 (827 KB)
• SFSA Special Report 30. Yield in Steel casting Industry. January 1998 (1.87 MB)
• SFSA Special Report 31. Duplex Stainless Steels - A State of the Art Literature Review. March 2001 (1.95 MB)
• SFSA Special Report 32. Yield Improvement Case Studies - A collection of cast study reports completed for the Yield Improvement in Steel Castings Project. February 2002 (4.23 MB)

SFSA Technical Service Reports

• SFSA Technical Service Report 101. Observations of the Effect of Nitrogen on Austenite Stability in CF-3 and CF-8 Stainless Steel. March 1990 (285 KB)
• SFSA Technical Service Report 102. Results of Examination of 7 Carbon Steel Casting Defects. April 1990 (2.5 MB)
• SFSA Technical Service Report 103. Identification of Porosity and Causes of Inclusions in Induction Melted 440 C Stainless Plate Castings. August 1990 (2.66 MB)
• SFSA Technical Service Report 104. Analysis of Inclusion Sources in Bars Cast from Acid Melted Carbon Steel. August 1990 (1.12 MB)
• SFSA Technical Service Report 105. Microstructural Analysis of Hot Tears in a WCB Steel Valve Body. Sept. 1990 (1.01 MB)
• SFSA Technical Service Report 106. Possible Localized Corrosion of A216 WCB Cast Carbon Steel in HF Acid Service. December 1990 (1.2 MB)
• SFSA Technical Service Report 107. Microstructural Analysis of Defects in Brake Wheel Housings. December 1991 (1.31 MB)
• SFSA Technical Service Report 108. Cleanliness of Conventionally Deoxidized and Calcium Treated Low Carbon Steel. November 1991 (2.19 MB)
• SFSA Technical Service Report 110. Microstructural Analysis of Porosity in a WCB Valve Disk. December 1991 (2.37 MB)
• SFSA Technical Service Report 111. Determining Source of Inclusions on the Cope Surface of a Rack Casting. January 1992 (2.2 MB)
• SFSA Technical Service Report 112. Weld Cracking of HP-40 Steel. April 1992 (2.12 MB)
• SFSA Technical Service Report 114. Refractory Debris in the Cope Surface of a Carbon Steel Casting. February 1993 (1.61 MB)
• SFSA Technical Service Report 115. Lamination Defect in a WCB Pillow Block. January 1993 (1.68 MB)
• SFSA Technical Service Report 116. Steel Penetration into a Washed Zircon Core. February 1993 (2.96 MB)
• SFSA Technical Service Report 117. Black Hole Defect in an AOD Refined, WCB Valve Body. March 1993 (1.8 MB)
• SFSA Technical Service Report 118. An Examination of Low Impact Toughness Quenched and Tempered Low Alloy Steel. March 1993 (4.94 MB)
• SFSA Technical Service Report 119. Analysis of a Scab Defect from a WCB Casting. March 1993 (1.56 MB)
• SFSA Technical Service Report 120. Low Impact Toughness in Thick Section Quenched and Tempered Heavy Section Steel Castings. July 1995 (2.53 MB)
• SFSA Technical Service Report 121. Evaluation of Cracking and Corrosion Sensitivity of a CN-3MN Casting / SMA Bead-on-Plate Welding using Inconel 112 Electrodes. April 1995 (5.89 MB)
• SFSA Technical Service Report 122. Failure Analysis of Cast Rudder CG-6MN. (Nitronic 50) March 1995 (1.23 MB)
• SFSA Technical Service Report 123. Brittle Fracture in a WCB Steel Casting. July 1995 (1.34 MB)
• SFSA Technical Service Report 124. Analysis of Defects of the Bored Surface of Six 1025 Carbon Steel Castings. August 1995 (4.45 MB)
• SFSA Technical Service Report 125. Mechanical Properties of ASTM Cast Equivalents to Wrought Product Designations. March 1996 (1.13 MB)
• SFSA Technical Service Report 126. Ductility Problems - Type II Sulfides. June 2000 (8.14 MB)